Comments:
Summary:
This paper discusses about defining structural shape descriptions in LADDER by generating near miss examples. This paper discusses about handling the conceptual errors (under- constrained and over- constrained errors) that occurs while describing a shape. The other type of errors is syntactic errors (out of scope of this paper) .
Under-Contrained - missing equalLength condition for the 4 sides in describing a square.
Over- Contrained - adding equalLength condition for (top left) sides for a rectangle. Redundant constraints .
After the description of a shape with GUI, the first step is to find a good match between the typed description and the drawn shape that is a set of bindings that associates variables in the
description with the geometric shapes. The system chooses the variable assignment with the fewest failed constraints. The system then displays the subcomponents of the failed constraints for the developer to remove the constraints, if necessary. The developer should remove enough contraints for the system to recognise the initial hand-drawn shape.
The system then reduces the constraint list by testing with negative samples and positive samples.
Over constrained testing - shapes for differrent scales and rotation are displayed to the developer and asked if all the samples are positive. Testing for other constraints are done by negating the constraints and applying them to generate shapes. Similar testing is done for checking under-constraints.
The paper also describes the process behind generating shapes for different constraints.
Discussion:
Its a nice method to generate near miss samples as the users cannot always generate all the samples.
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